The story of an hour by Kate Chopin and Death by Scrabble by Charlie Fish Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Comparison Of Two Stories There are two stories which we’ll be taking into consideration. To begin with, let’s discuss the authors of both the stories. The first one is a short story â€Å"The story of an hour’’ by Kate Chopin. This story is popular mainly because of its surprise ending which shocked the readers. In this story the writer explores a theme for which she is famous for. The other story that we will be discussing is â€Å"Death by Scrabble† by Charlie Fish. By its title name we can guess that the story is related to the popular game ‘Scrabble’, the author himself is an avid Scrabble player and wrote this story thinking â€Å"What would happen if a game of Scrabble had the highest possible stakes? Life and death? I wanted to write a story that felt like a Twilight Zone episode† The first story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† starts with Josephine, sister of Louise Mallard who is a heart patient, telling Mrs Mallard about the shocking news of her husband’s death in a railroad accident. On hearing this shocking news, Louise runs to her room, locks it, and sits there looking out at an open window. We will write a custom essay sample on The story of an hour by Kate Chopin and Death by Scrabble by Charlie Fish or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now She is going through a mix of emotions at this point of time and suddenly starts realizing and feeling that she would now lead an independent life, a life in which she is free to do whatever she wants, even though her husband never oppressed her from doing so yet she feels that somehow unknowingly one does get oppressed out of kindness and so she wants to live a free and an independent life. She feels ecstatic with her newfound independence though she loved her husband too, but tells herself that none of that matters anymore. She then opens the door and goes down again with Josephine when suddenly sees her husband Mr Brently coming from the front door, he was alive and neither had he been in any accident nor was he aware of it. Josephine screams seeing him and doctors come and pronounce Louis dead of a heart attack which was brought on by happiness. In such an unbelieving way, the author twisted the whole story giving the readers a very shocking end . While â€Å"Death by scrabble† begins with a man who is hating his wife on a really boiling hot afternoon. This man hates his wife more than anything, but still he hasn’t spoken to anyone else but her since three days. The couple starts their game with the word ‘begin’ on the board. During the whole game the man wants letters like ‘murder’ or anything which would show his hatred towards his wife. The story gets interesting when the man starts noticing that the words on the board are actually choosing their future because apparently the whole game is ‘jinxed’ as it was one of their words on the board.

The Movie The Emperor s Club - 1050 Words

The movie, â€Å"The Emperor’s Club† tells a story concerning a passionate and principled teacher, Mr. Hundert, who finds his world a little shaken when a new student, Sedgewick Bell walks into his classroom. Mr. Hundert teaches at Saint Benedict, a private school for boys. The movie begins with Mr. Hundert stating that a man s character is his faith and that for the most of us, our stories can be written before we die. This movie is very powerful, regarding principles, virtues, and ethics that revolve around a teacher. William Hundert is a highly virtuous man who loves what he does. He hopes that he has an impact on his student by his teachings and inspires his students to be ethical and moral. He teaches Roman and Greek civilization and truly enjoys it. Hundert believes that by teaching young boys at St. Benedict with influence, he will mold their characters into his life s work. When Hundert meets a new student, Sedgewick Bell, things get complicated. Sedgewick is a young unhappy man, who is a troublemaker that cries out for attention with his behavior and claims to be a know it all. Hundert decides to meet with the boy s father, who is a US Senate, in an effort to motivate his son who is having trouble at school but instead learns the cause of the problem. The father tells Hundert the limits of control over his son, states â€Å"You, sir, will not mold my son! I will mold him,† and that his only job is to teach him the facts out of a textbook not to influence him. Mr.Show MoreRelatedHollywood Writers And Directors Do Not Have Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesto avoid stereotyping ethnic characters A successful movie is decided by gross revenue of the movie. Most writers and directors base on the world s histories, the reality society, and the favorite people s style to make their successful movies. Indeed, the writers are responsible for writing the script. Once they have handed over the script that is pretty much the end of their creative involvement with the movie. The directors control film s artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the scriptRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Tale Of The White Serpent 1358 Words   |  6 Pagesalways had an interest in drawing in his youth. Though his fascination with animation had started during his high school years when he first watched the feature-length anime film, ‘The Tale of the White Serpent’. And after joining a children s literature club in college, his interest only grew. It was in 1963 after completing his degrees, that Miyazaki decided to pursue animation as a career and joined Toei Animation. There, he le arned the basic fundamentals of animation and met up with his futureRead MoreAmerican Prose Project1624 Words   |  7 Pageshad helped the less fortunate. â€Å"Like that Godfather in the movie.†(Jen 1) Ralph’s actions soon follow suit. He envisioned himself as an emperor or something to the like. In addition to his employee’s regular paychecks, He would give extra money to an employee who was in need. Things like a tooth that needed pulling, bail, etc†¦ This caused some strive in the Chang family. Ralph’s wife, Helen would make comments Such as â€Å"But this here is the U-S-A!†(Jen 1) Helen had worked at a supermarket, risingRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s Disney 1907 Words   |  8 PagesDepression?, 2006, para. 4) The Mickey Mouse club had tons of members. People got together and watched Disney movies to get joy and motivation that they’ll get through this. â€Å"By 1931, the Mickey Mouse Club had over a million members, watching Mickey Mouse cartoons and getting the bursts of hope they needed to get by another day.† ( Mickey Mouse, 2006 A Cure For Depression?, 2006, para. 3) Mickey Mouse gave hope to America which was needed most during the 1930’s. His cartoons affected all ages. Read MoreThe Development Of Chinese Popular Music And The Legend Pop Star Jay Chou1627 Words   |  7 Pages The origin of Chinese Music: The history of Chinese music dates back as far as the Shang Dynasty around 1046 BC. According to the Chinese legends, Ling Lun was recorded as being the founder of Chinese music during the time of the Yellow Emperor. Ling Lun used pipes made from bamboo and could tune the pipes to the sounds of the birds. Later on during the Zhou Dynasty, a formal system of music was established to celebrate big events for royalty. In Chinese culture and philosophy, one importantRead MoreHollywood Propaganda: The Glorification of War by the Film Industry2283 Words   |  10 Pages War has been present since the beginning of human history. Likewise, war movies have been present since the movie industry began. Just like most other genres of film, war films have been created as a form of entertainment to profit a person or organization. More people are willing to spend their money and time on a feeling of action, excitement, heroism, and patriotism than gruesome and horrid im ages of real and common human destruction. Propaganda has been used by governmentsRead MoreDenzel Washington2082 Words   |  9 PagesHe was the brother-in-law of actress Rita Pearson and the cousin of CBS anchorman Ukee Washington. Denzel married actress Pauletta Pearson Washington (61 years old) on June 25th 1983; He met her when he was filming his first onscreen role on the TV movie set named â€Å"Wilma†. One year after their wedding, they had their first child, John David Washington (born July 28th, 1984) – Attended Morehouse College and was drafted in 2006 by the NFL’s St. Louis Rams. They then began to start a family, having threeRead MoreLena Horne9265 Words   |  38 PagesSinger/actress Lena Hornes primary occupation was nightclub entertaining, a profession she pursued successfully around the world for more than 60 years, from the 1930s to the 1990s. In conjunction with her club work, she also maintained a recording career that stretched from 1936 to 2000 and brought her three Grammys, including a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1989; she appeared in 16 feature films and several shorts between 1938 and 1978; she performed occasionally on Broadway, including in herRead MoreDisney Pixar5473 Words   |  22 Pagesthe stage was set for Pixar to break into full-length movies. Riding high on the success of The Little Mermaid (1989) and Beauty and the Beast (1991), Disney’s CEO Michael Eisner and film chief Jeffrey Katzenberg proposed the idea of a full-length movie to Pixar’s John Lasseter. As part of the proposal, Disney would fund and distribute the film. Almost immediately, Pixar began work on Toy Story, a tale about the rivalry between a toy cowboy, Woody, and a plastic spaceman named Buzz Lightyear. TheRead MoreAnandha Krishnan Leadership5558 Words   |  23 PagesPremium packages (known as Super packages) include the Movie and Dynasty (Chinese language channels) packages. They are offered at a higher rate than the other available package. Also, four new packages, collectively known as the Plus packages, were introduced to Astro since 15 November 2007. They include the Metro package (such as Discovery Home amp; Health), the Maharaja package (Tamil language channels), the Gold package and the New Emperor package (both Chinese language packages). Subscribers

P G in China Free Essays

string(48) " cities such as Beijing, shanghai, Changed etc\." In 2008, PG has become a company with the 6th biggest market value, and has a sale of approximately $45 billion. In 1988, PG entered the market in the Great China Area due to the potential customers and profits hidden behind it. Up to this date, PG has established 0 joint ventures and proprietorship in major cities like Guanos, Beijing, Tannin, Shanghai, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on P G in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this dissertation, we will carefully analyze its international operations in the Great China Area and examine the factors that made its success. We will first analyze the reasons why it entered China in the first place by looking into different aspects of China’s overall image. Then, we are going to look further into the operational strategy it uses to keep itself functioning. We will also examine the procedure of how it manages its staffing across the sea and hires local employees. Besides, we will talk about TTS marketing strategies in the Great China Area market by looking into the ops (Products, Price, Promotion and Place) of P China and P Hong Kong. Reasons to enter the Great China Area It is reasonable and necessary for international corporations such as P to enter the Great China Area market. Reasons as following: Increase the sale; Decrease the cost; Increase the popularity; Meanwhile, it is also really important to analyze the risks for entering the market. Here is the risk assessment for entering the great China market. The risk assessment based on following six elements: political stability–the stability of politics and overspent, the more stable the better; market chances–the number of customers and the purchase power of customers, the higher the better; economic development and achievement–the growth of economic and the expectation for the future, the higher the better; legal impediment-?the restriction from the law, the less the better; physical impediment–the restriction from resources, the less the better; differences in terms of culture- -to what extent is the domestic culture different from foreign cultures. The political stability in China: China is a socialist country and always controlled by en regime–the communist party of China. The government has high control in the country and do not need to worry about other regime within the country. Therefore, the political stability in China is good for investing. The market chances in China: China owns the biggest population in the world. The potential market in China is huge, especially when the need for imported goods grows so fast in recent years in China. The economic development and achievement in China: China keep growing fast in recent year and the growth rate keeps rising. In 2007, the GAP growth rate was 1 1. 4, and the GAP as 24. 6619 trillion dollars. In 2008, the GAP rise to 30 trillion dollars. According to the data in terms of GAP and the growth rate, the economic environment in China is appropriate. The legal impediment in China: China’s legal system is new in the world after the reform. There are some bugs on laws exist in China and some people or company utilize it, and there are some unreasonable laws exist. However, the Chinese legality system keeps improving and the relative laws to foreign company are always good for investors. In terms of legality system of China, it is good for entering and investing. The physical impediment in China: the land area in China is 960 million square kilometers which ranks 4th in the world. China is also a main energy import and export country in the world, with the north temperate zone having the most. Overall, China owned lots of resources and has potential. The difference in terms of cultures: There are many differences between the eastern culture and the western culture. China is a socialist country and most western countries are capitalist country. The language is also a problem, Chinese is one of the most difficult languages in the world ND the Chinese culture is the oldest culture olives in the world. Nowadays Chinese are willing to touch new culture and lean new technologies. The culture difference could be a problem meeting in China. Overall, China as a stable-politics country with high growth rate is a talented market and the risk for entering is acceptable. Operational strategies of PG China Procter Gamble (PG) entered Chinese market in 1988, PG and Hutchison Hampton LTD. Had a joint venture together and invested Procter Gamble China LTD. Company with 70% and 30% company share respectively. PG takes advantages from the joint venture PG china Ltd. The company has more stable financial resources and larger economies of scale. More importantly, could share risk with its partner initially in an unfamiliar international market. PG China set its headquarter in Guanos. It cooperated with its first partner for operation—–the Guanos soap factory Ltd. PG China kept the factory core product, Joshua brand shampoo, and bought out its rest products and stop the production. This local partner is very helpful to PG. Guanos soap factory has its own production factory, mature supply networks, good local brand reputation, some profitable reduces and local distribution and sale networks. Moreover, Guanos soap factory has connection with Guanos government which helps receive supports and benefits from government. From the current point, this is one successful case for international cooperation. PG China did adequate marketing research for Chinese market. The company firstly chooses some product categories which has lower entry restrictions such as hair care products, skin care products. Meanwhile these product categories are very profitable and have huge growth space with perspective of market development and product development. This is one of the important reasons why China could continue growing in a fast speed after it entered China. In order to save cost, increase profit and better control operation, PG was looking for more local partners to produce its products. So far, PG owns or controls more than 1 0 subsidiary corporations around China area especially in big cities such as Beijing, shanghai, Changed etc. You read "P G in China" in category "Papers" PG learnt a lot from its first partner—- Guanos soap factory, the company selects its partners with requirements. That is the partner company should be in small size but could fill gaps in PG’s value chain. In this way, first of all, P could use its size and brand reputation easily control or take the major part in the corporation to keep its operating stability. Then, P could use partners resources for local production, distribution or even social networks and more. Two companies could arrange a co-specialization situation. However, P also had problems from its partners especially in the area of washing powder. For example, the cooperation with Beijing second daily chemical factory. The factory used to have its panda brand washing powder products. After the factory joined P and became P panda washing powder factory, the reduce and brand were kept. During the operation, the factory campaniles that P smaller its brand logo image on the product which may affect its brand reputation and consumer reputation. On the other hand, some employees left the factory and set up their own Company to produce similar products as panda brand washing powder product which involves within copyright issues. Similar problems happened when P China cooperate with Changed oil chemical factory. P china should do more research about the culture of Chinese companies. They are very protective about their own brand and reputation. They are afraid of losing control, and lots of facts show that they may use illegal methods to â€Å"protect† their profits. The lessons P learnt from failure cooperation will help them gain experience and better collaborate with Chinese companies. China could not be successful without its efficient and effective distribution and sale strategies. We mentioned, P has many local partners around China and the company used its size and big brands take over the control in the corporation. In this way, P can fully use local partners distribution network resources without influence. P has different progress and use different methods for underside market and urban market. The marketing teams are better specialized and tasks are more specific. The operation will be more efficient and effective for different markets. Work with distribution partners. The company has both whole sale partners and retailer partners. P formulates concrete policy to benefit both types of partners. And the company is currently seeking corporation with big franchisee retailers such as Walter. P has a complete and mature system to manage its distribution network. Logistics Management P has a chosen a reliable third party logistics service provider to be in hare of almost all of its products’ distribution-?Bagging Logistics Group. With the special â€Å"door-to -door† service and the principle Of â€Å"Customer comes first†, Bagging has built a big logistics operating network throughout China for PG, and by having thousands of well-trained workers performing the â€Å"door-to-door† service to consumers, it saves PG 6 million every year of cost on logistics. Inventory Management Fist of all, having a good sale on its products implies that it has to control every kind of its goods at an acceptable quantity, for example, PG cannot increase the production of Durable intensively just because it is earning none, because it has a high externally cost to the environment, which government will raise the price of it. If PG is having too much inventory of Durable batteries while the price of it is increasing at the same time, the sale will see an instant drop, and this gap between production and consumers’ will to purchase it would even lead to diminishing of the brand. Therefore, P has to conduct very serious speculation and forecast before it decides how much inventory it is going to have. Vendor-Managed Inventory is the strategy P prefers to use when it comes to dealing with inventories in Great China Area, a market with tens of thousands of suppliers. The vendors has an agreed inventory of P’s products kept in their through the communication with the provider through a information system, EDI (Electronic Data Interchange). In this information system, effective and useful information is exchanged between the producers(I. E. , PG) and the vendors, so PG will know when a vendor needs more inventory in his store and can make quick adjustment to it. In this process, a third party logistics providers can also be involved and adjust and demand and supply to ensure the vendors has the squired level of inventory, which greatly reduce the cost of the transferring of the inventory. Human resource management of China Richard Duper, the former CEO of PG, once said: † If you leave our warehouses, money and our brand here, but take away our men, we will be nothing; however, if you take away all our warehouses, money and our brand but leave our men, we will rise again. † PG has entered Chinese market since 1988, more than 25 years. It currently has more than 7000 employees around great China area. Effective human resource management is one of the keys that made PG China’s success. But how exactly does P manage its staffs exactly? Systematic Advantage Localize its team: back in 1 988, P China has more foreign employees than Chinese, but now 98% of P China’ employees are local people. Local teams could help better fit into local market and save labor costs. However, PG still keeps its core positions for foreign employees. For example, the research and develop department, most positions in top management. In this way, PG ensure it fully control the company and make strategy decisions. Efficient training system: PG has standard and complete training system for its employees globally. The training helps every local employee understand the job itself and the company. Therefore, employee could better understand how could they contribute the company and have better career opportunities. Nice working environment and transparent rewards and punishment system: PG try to build nice working environment for its employees. The company set standard for employee treatment and try to build friendly and fair company culture to raise its employ satisfaction. Therefore, employees are more motivated and they have higher loyalty for the company. Meanwhile, has a transparent rewards and punishment system in order to keep employees’ motivation. Selection system: P has very complete employee selecting system and the company is willing to train inexperienced youths. It has connections with various education institutions around great China area. International Staffing Local hiring P owns more than 50 branches in China, and every branch is open for the first round of employment. P does not need the person to have the matching experience for the job position that he is applying for, however, basic concept and professional skills is required. After filtering the original applicants, the remaining applicants will be sent to P’s headquarter in Guanos for the second round, and also the last round of the interview. In order to make sure that the interview is unbiased and legitimate, at least 3 managers from headquarter in China are required for every interview. Also, given the fact that all the applicants need to spend a considerable amount of money, not matter living near or far from Guanos, all the expenses for every applicant are covered by China. The interview can be broken into four parts: Icebreakers, Questioning, Information Exchange and Final Appraisal. The Questioning stage is when the famous PG’s Eight Questions re asked. The questions are made by Human Resource Department in P’s headquarter in US, however, the way they are tested is different in the Great Chain Area. According to our interview in PG Hong Kong, the facial expression and the logics behind an applicant’s answer are what matter the most while in the IIS the completion and structure of the answer are major considerations, as P is trying to make its employees match to standard for even surpass the standard P set for its employees around the world.. In the Great China Area, the hiring of staff also follows the same principle that he company is always trying to emphasize: The quality and moral of the person comes first. Fresh graduates from a first-class university in China, due to their flexibility and competitiveness, are the type of applicants that P China adores the most. The data has shown that 90% of the new employees are university graduates from all over China. Expatriate Once an applicant is officially an employee of P China, a series of complicated and motivating training await for them. Due to the flexibility of college students, it is usually very easy for them to absorb the management mode and thinking model quickly. As a result, spends an average Of $30 million on over 1 00 expatriated staffs every year from US in order to better instill the values of the company into employees’ mind. For the expatriated employees, most of them are native American workers at managerial level, they are transferred to China mainly to train the â€Å"new born† employees, give managers at positions suggestions and be in charge of the interviews of applicants. Due to the great staff welfare policy PG has, managers from U. S are given a big increase on their salary for â€Å"compensation†, as they have to be exposed to a completely different culture ND pay more tax give that they are working in two places. However, because of the increasing caliber and standard of Chinese managers, a lot of them are actually being sent to headquarter in Ohio, U. S for further development. Data has shown that an average of 100 Chinese managers and 10 managers from Hong Kong are sent to U. S every year. Marketing strategies of PG China Products The products of household care category that PG offered in the Great China Area vary according to different regions. For example, in the mainland market and Hong Kong market, the following items are available as shown: China Hong Kong Detergent Ariel, Tide FAA Battery Durable Diaper pampers Pampers Indoor Fragrance Iambi Purr As can be seen from the data given, the types of household care products are quite different be;en China and Hong Kong. After our analysis, the following factors can give rise to this situation. Demographical Difference As a country With a huge population, China generates a great demand for basic household care product, I. E. , detergent. As a result, more kinds of detergent are expected in the Chinese market. Also, with more people from rural areas entering the city nowadays, detergents with a lower price (Tide, Ariel) compared to FAA are more accepted. Beside this, the increasing variety of people in China mainland indicates a more diverse demand when it comes to daily-use products. Hong Kong, on the other hand, tends to have a much smaller and less diverse population, therefore the need generated for many kinds of detergent is not very intensive. Also, Hong Kong has launched some of its own local brands ( e. G. , FUD(Axe), Lagoon) for batteries and detergent that already established great trust among consumers, making it harder for PG to have many brands to compete with them. Psychological Difference As said before, with the increasing variety of Chinese population, people are starting to have different demands and options on the kind of detergent they purchase as a result of the different kinds of fabrics and clothing materials they have. The increase of the demand implies that there need to be a more complex system of commodities, especially in detergent. However, when it comes to Hong Kong, as said before, the small population has somehow unified people’s need for multiple brands; besides, it is worth-mentioning that as a city that represents the modern culture and financial business activities, Hong Kong folks tend to care more about their personal image appearing to others, and this is mainly why there exists the demand for an indoor fragrance product (Iambi Purr) in Hong Kong. Price Price is an extremely important and most uncertain factor in the market. A setting of a price is to increase a product’s sale and generate profits for it. A good pricing strategy combines both the consideration of its own cost and consumers’ affordability, and is a reflection of the variable market as well. Being a company known for its reasonable prices, P has unique pricing strategies for its household care products. First of all, having segmented the market, P launched different sizes of detergent and charge them with different price to cater needs for detergent and batteries from different levels. For Tide 360, three kinds of package are being introduced to the market: 2. 9 for egg(an average of Y 0. 97 /keg) ; YE. 9 for egg (Y 10. 5 /keg) and 15. 9 for 1. Keg (Y 9. 6 /keg). To capture the market in less developed areas, P has produced an â€Å"economical package† of 34. 8 for 5 keg ( 6. 96 / keg). What is more, due to the wider spread of thriftiness, P uses odd-even pricing more intensively in the Great China Area than it does the North America. In a supermarket, prices like Y 2. 9 , *11. 9 can often be seen when we look at some of the batteries and detergents sells, in order to make consumers consciously think that the price is collaboratively set after a series of considerations, and thus view the items as cheaper and a lot more worth- buying. Also, for products like Pampers, aims to use skimming pricing strategy to maintain its market place. Targeting at groups with higher income, this strategy makes Pampers more expensive than the rest, thus creating the feeling among consumers that Pampers are better than other reduces in terms of quality standards, effects and values. It is also worth- mentioning that with this strategy applied to shampoos such as Heads , Swanson, P has made an instant success, gathered larger group of consumers and increased the customers’ loyalty by a great deal. Last but not least, PG sets its price by paying a great deal of attention to the moving direction of its competitors, mostly from Milliner, to say in other words: is constantly adjusting its price according to the movement from Milliner in order to remain competitive in the field. In 2013, due to the economic downturn in the Great China Area, Milliner has been forced to lower its price in order to keep the original consumers they have. The price of a egg package Mom, a leading brand in detergent owned by Milliner, has decreased from YE to Y 33. 4 , half as expensive as it used to be. As a result of this practice, PG decreases the price of Tide of the same package from 38 to Y 32 , a little bit less than Milliner, just to keep getting hold of the market. As we can see from above, low price strategy is also an important strategy that helps PG to stay firmly in the business. Note: American Dollar 1 = Y 6. 206; Canadian Dollar $ 1= *5. 780 Promotion As one of the strongest and most competitive commodity company in the world, what sort of promotion techniques should PG have in order to generate new demand and face the challenges from the variable Chinese market? Increasing the number of its brands. Up to this date, PG has over 300 brands covering fashion industry, health, household care products, cosmetics, perfume and food, etc. With a large coverage in the market, PG does a great job in bringing in everyone’s attention. Also, Sometimes, the brands in competition with each other are tooth from P, making profit for What is more, due to the trust built in customers in Chinese market, it is very easy for P to sweep out other local brands and develop at a steady pace. Advertisement For large companies aiming for the whole market, advertising is without a doubt a very useful â€Å"weapon† for the company’s growth In long stand. A good advertisement cannot only bring the company massive profits, but can also build a good brand image for the company as a whole. Large amount Of investment In 2011, PG spent Y 33. 26 billion in the Great China Area, over six times than what it had spent ten years ago. Besides, it is worth-mentioning that the total expenditure on advertisement in 2011 was *55. 89 billion , indicating that views the Great China Area as a very important market. It is shown that among ten brands with the most advertising expenditure in 2005, half of them are PG’s brands. Appropriate and effective content The common technique it uses is by comparison: the person in the clip will usually show the difference between P and other brands. Tide and Durable are typical examples for this; Also, P will have a professional presenting the daily problems, and then provide the solution by introducing a ewe product. Oral-B in the health category is an example of this technique. Both techniques successfully capture consumers’ needs and make them want PG’s products even more. Good choice of people Having a person everyone loves in the advertisement certainly means more people will start thinking about the products, and P is always wisely choosing the person in the advertisement to make sure it generates a great effect in its potential market. Philanthropy as another advocating method In 2007, donated *7. 5 million to China Education Development Foundation, initiating the â€Å"Quantifications]ahoy† (National Healthy Education Plan); In 2010, spent another million on aiding China Social Welfare Foundation, mainly for letting children from less developed area have a better Children’s Day (Novo. 10th); From 2007 to 2009, PG has donated 4 million three times consecutively to Project Hope in order to help kids who cannot finish school in China; In total, PG has donated to build 131 elementary schools in China from 1 991 to 2008, and it has been planning to build 200 by the end of 2010. Etc. Place On Gag 18th1988, entered China as a join venture with two soap companies and a foreign trade corporation in Guanos. After two months, Head Shoulders, the first brand PG has in the Great China Area, was launched, and in only two months, more than 95% Of the population in Guanos has known the brand. After twenty years of development, PG has now become the biggest commodities company with a sale of almost 18 billion every year in the Great China Area, making China the second largest market throughout PG’s global operation. When P first entered China, China was still going through the stage of reformation and opening up. Gudgeon Province, where Guanos is at, was one of the few regions that darted trading with other countries, which provided a great deal of opportunity for foreign companies like and Milliner. Studies have shown that an estimated value of 26. 2 billion dollar per year is created solely from foreign direct investment during the period between 1979 and 2007, while in 2007 the FED was even increased to 74. 8 billion dollar. Also, it cannot be denied that the caring policies towards the infrastructures and resource allocation are another major reason why P chose Guanos. With the construction of industrial areas and the introduction of less tax to companies, P saved a great amount of money on the start up cost, and thus was able to develop at a faster and steadier pace. Besides these, Guanos, as a terminal in the Peking- Guanos Railway, Guanos can provide P with a convenient distribution system and provide guarantee to the allocation of P’s products throughout coastal areas in China. Summary PG chooses enter China, an emerging market and place of resources. PG keeps the growth of its economies of scale, increases revenue and decreases cost. How to cite P G in China, Papers

Cross Cultural Management Risk Analysis Report

Question: Discuss about theCross Cultural Management for Risk Analysis Report. Answer: Introduction It can be stated that Iran is gradually becoming one of the tourist hotspots with the tour operators reporting noteworthy increased in the tourist booking trips to the Middle Eastern country. Thomas and Peterson (2014) have stated that perhaps success of this place is because of a slight thaw in its relationships with the West or might simply because of the allure of exploring a small-known tourist destinations with few other tourists. An organization has planned to operate a tourist venture in Iran and thus this particular research work would try to analyze several aspects of this country through a detailed and specific risk analysis. National Culture Profile of Iran Jackson (2012) has mentioned that while Iran most of the times finds itself in the headlines of the news for all the wrong reasons, intrepid globetrotters consistently praise the country, calling it a surprisingly welcoming destinations with loads of untouched treasures to discover. It is necessary enough to mention that the visitors heading to Iran would definitely find out a country that is as complex, colorful and deeply traditional as the Persian carpets for which it is highly renowned throughout the globe. History lovers are spoiled for selection when it comes to incredibly preserved archeological sites, while the photogenic beauty of Classic Persian architecture generally covers with those fabulous blue tiles that attracts the eyes of the designers. Outdoor enthusiasts have a surfeit of mountains for climbing and ski, desert landscapes to explore and scenic valleys to trek (Friedman et al. 2012). All these are properly combined with the ultra-welcoming locals, a well-refined and delicious cuisine as well as an ancient culture stepped in poetry, art and music and this means that Iran is a noteworthy destination as rewarding as it is revelatory. Therefore, it is understood that Iran is one of the places to gain visitors attraction and thus it is expected that the new tourism venture in Iran would not be in vain in spite of political turbulence in Iran (Murphy 2013). Iran is one of the most powerful states in the region with 75 million strong and buttressed by ample oil reserves. Its resurgence in the first decade of the 21st century was one of the several unintended results of US military adventures in Afghanistan and Iraq. The sudden rid of two hostile regimes on its boarders, i.e. the Taliban and Saddam Hussein, Iran immediately expanded its power into the Arab Middle East, cementing alliances in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine. It can be said that the political system of Iran is based on 1979 constitution and at the same time it is necessary enough to mention that the tax environment for foreign business is highly risky enough. Therefore, at the time of tourism venture, it is necessary enough to keep this concern in mind (Mowforth and Munt 2015). Hall and Page (2014) have said that Hassan Rouhanis upset victory in the June, 2013 presidential election created great expectations of change. From news, it has been found that the new centrist president had pledged to immediately resolve the nuclear dispute and at the same time enhancing the relationship of Iran with the other parts of the globe as well as revitalize the economic situation and encourage more open society. Almost after two years of negotiations, major powers of the globe and the Islamic Republic reached a landmark nuclear deal in July, 2015 (Kuniholm 2014). Risk Analysis: First Issue (Corruption) Corruption is one of the major issues of Iran and it can be seen that hardly any politicians have expressed serious concern over corruption in different parts of the globe. Hardly any politician has argued the gradual continuation of corruption could lead to social unrest and the collapse of the entire system. Tycoon Babak Zanjani, Irans billionaire has been sentenced to death for corruption, as he was severely accused of fraudulently pocketing $2.8 billion. Apart from that, it is necessary to mention that this billionaire was the middleman who organized oil deals on behalf of the then President Mahmud Ahmadinejads governments (Butler, O'Gorman and Prentice 2012). Therefore, it is understood that the Iranian government is corrupted to some extent and this might be because of the fact that the size of the government is high enough. Starting from oil and gas to a large range of different kinds of industries, presence of government is clearly visible in everywhere and all these parts ar e corrupted to some extent (Ghaderi and Henderson 2012). As per some estimation, 80% of Iranians living requires are fulfilled in some parts by the public sector. This particular incidence has given rise to a fraction of public sector employees that is considerable in size, as the government is large in size. This faction has the chance to sincerely seek rents proportionate to the importance of their position in terms of the profit they are capable enough to create for their clients. The corruption and corrupted behavior of a particular sector of all these employees is attributable to their low pay that puts them in a proper position of necessity to meet their living expenses of the families (Izadi et al. 2012). On the other hand, minor portion of this sector is enough paid and for that case, greed is considered as the motivating factor behind this corrupt attitudes. Therefore, when a new organization has been planning to expand their tourism sector in Iran, this part is required to focus on sincerely, as the expansion of the business migh t get hampered due to corruption (Jabbari et al. 2012). Apart from that, it can be stated that accountability is another major factor that keep corruption in check, however, it is required to mention that a number of factors have made enforcing accountability difficult in Iran (Eshliki and Kaboudi 2012). Risk Analysis: Second Issue (Poverty) In April, the Iranian governments media has published a rare acknowledgement of severity of the poverty crisis that is rampant throughout Iran. It has been found that the rate of unemployment has reached 70% in at least 1200 Iranian towns among the newly passed students. The report has stated that unemployment presently stands between 40% and 60% in near about 420 Iranian countries. This major percentage has contributed to a situation in which 15 million of Irans 78 million people are reportedly deprived of, even in case of the social services. Several reports have found out that when the employees belonging to the middle and the low income group go back to their homes after the full days work, they are deprived from adequate food and this is because of the fact that they are surviving under the poverty line (Delgoshaei, Ravaghi and Abolhassani 2012). The head of State Irans labor organization has stated that many manual workers cannot even afford the basic products they need for their survival and thus all these products are considered as luxurious products to them, which is actually not true. Therefore, it is understood that the economic crisis that Iran has been facing has significantly drowned a majority of the population in poverty; even those with two jobs cannot stay afloat. It is understood that the severe economic crisis that has descended on Iran is an outcome of the faulty governing of the nation, corruption and utilization of the tax money on ulterior and agendas instead of tackling and fulfilling the fundamental requirements of the citizens (Zonis 2015). The elected Iranian president once said in his lecture that Iranian households largely suffer from hunger because of poverty and destitution. It is regardless to mention that expanding tourism is not very easy in such types of countries where large number of populatio n live under the poverty line. As per the published news, it can be found out that twelve million Iranian each day sleep hungry in night and thus it is tough enough to expand tourism in Iran (Shirazi 2012). Risk Mitigation Strategies In this part, focus would be shed on risk mitigation strategies, as the organization is planning to open a tourist venture in Iran. Two major risks have been identified in this part and these are corruption and poverty and both these two factors hinder the gradual expansion of tourism in any country. At first, it is necessary enough to mention that these two identified issues are hard enough to handle and thus plans are required to make likewise. It is not possible to mitigate corruption for any particular organization and thus the organization is required to plan and manage their operations likely. From the discussion, it has been found that corporate tax in Iran is high and complicated enough and thus the organization need to plan accordingly (Tezcr 2012). Making the Plan List of individual risks Detailed rating of each risk depending on its likelihood A detailed assessment of present controls A detailed plan for action (Delgoshaei, Ravaghi and Abolhassani 2012) Deciding how to Handle Each Risk In the world of risk management, there are four strategies and the organization is required to plan on which to rely Avoid the risk Reduce the risk Transfer the risk Accept the risk Monitoring the Situation Butler, O'Gorman and Prentice (2012) have stated that putting measures in place is not enough and the company is required to check whether they are working and monitor the business on a regular basis in order to recognize and deal with the new risks A team is required to be there to look at this pat carefully and make all the necessary amendments to the plans as per the demand of the situation Next Steps The next step would be to analyze the surrounding issues related to the operations of tourism industry Revise the comprehensive risk management plan that outlines all the risks that the company faces They are required to rank the priorities accordingly an make the plans accordingly (Butler, O'Gorman and Prentice 2012) Recommendations In this part, it is required to provide some effective recommendations, so that the company can successfully go for the tourism venture in Iran. Iran is one of those countries that have been suffering from corruption and poverty and thus it is tough enough to expand tourism over there, as the tourists might feel insecure enough to travel to these types of countries. It can be stated that Iranians have successfully welcomed the opportunity to develop the historic buildings of the country and this would undoubtedly gain the attention of those tourists who are fond of history works. Therefore, it is recommended that the company is required to plan their advertisement in such a way that this part gets highlighted enough and they feel interested to visit Iran Delgoshaei, Ravaghi and Abolhassani (2012) has said in his research paper that the tourism industry of Iran is looking forward to grow rapidly following the lifting of economic sanctions with more number of westerners looking to come to Iran and thus plans are required to make for the further development of tourism industry, hotel and other related tourist facilities Apart from that, it can be stated that the lifting of the sanctions in places against the Islamic Republic would likely make arranging as well as carrying out the trips easier for westerners. Therefore, it is advised that the organization is required to focus at this part carefully at the time of expanding the business in Iran (Shirazi 2012) The countrys vice president has stated that a change is in front of Iran, as they are planning for a Tsunami of the foreign tourists. This is one of the positive sites for tourism sector in Iran and it is believed that the declaration from Vice President would boost the condition Apart from that, Irans president has declared about the loosening of the visa rules and this is expected to encourage the present situation of tourism in Iran, as this policy would open the doors of easy returns of the tourists References Butler, R., O'Gorman, K.D. and Prentice, R., 2012. Destination appraisal for European cultural tourism to Iran.International Journal of Tourism Research,14(4), pp.323-338. Delgoshaei, B., Ravaghi, H. and Abolhassani, N., 2012. Importance-performance analysis of medical tourism in Iran from medical tourists and medical services provider's perspective: 2011.Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research,12(11), pp.1541-7. Eshliki, S.A. and Kaboudi, M., 2012. Community perception of tourism impacts and their participation in tourism planning: a case study of Ramsar, Iran.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,36, pp.333-341. Friedman, R., Liu, W., Chi, S.C.S., Hong, Y.Y. and Sung, L.K., 2012. Cross-cultural management and bicultural identity integration: When does experience abroad lead to appropriate cultural switching?.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(1), pp.130-139. Ghaderi, Z. and Henderson, J.C., 2012. Sustainable rural tourism in Iran: A perspective from Hawraman Village.Tourism Management Perspectives,2, pp.47-54. Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J., 2014.The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place and space. Routledge. Izadi, M., Ayoobian, A., Nasiri, T., Joneidi, N., Fazel, M. and Hosseinpourfard, M.J., 2012. Situation of health tourism in Iran opportunity or threat.Journal Mil Med,14(2), pp.69-75. Jabbari, A., Delgoshaei, B., Mardani, R. and Tabibi, S.J., 2012. Medical tourism in Iran: Issues and challenges.Journal of education and health promotion,1. Jackson, T., 2012. Cross-cultural management and the informal economy in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for organization, employment and skills development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), pp.2901-2916. Kuniholm, B.R., 2014.The origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great power conflict and diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece. Princeton University Press. Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015.Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Murphy, P.E., 2013.Tourism: A Community Approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Shirazi, F., 2012. Information and communication technology and women empowerment in Iran.Telematics and Informatics,29(1), pp.45-55. Tezcr, G.M., 2012. Democracy promotion, authoritarian resiliency, and political unrest in Iran.Democratization,19(1), pp.120-140. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2014.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Zamani-Farahani, H. and Musa, G., 2012. The relationship between Islamic religiosity and residents perceptions of socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Iran: Case studies of Sarein and Masooleh.Tourism Management,33(4), pp.802-814. Zonis, M., 2015.Political elite of Iran. Princeton University Press.

A Case Study for Adhd Students free essay sample

A Case Study for ADHD Students Peter John Bakas January 17th, 2011 As in any situation with any student that is special or gifted or that IDEA, IEP, and 504 Plans, have to be the first and foremost concern for all parties involved. â€Å"Education For All Handicapped Children Act Passed in 1975 Guaranteed and enforced the right of all children with disabilities to receive free and appropriate education Considered the foundation of special education in the United States; 1990- Law renamed to IDEA. What is an IEP? Individualized Education Plan Written plan that describes the program and special services a student requires to be successful Developed by parents and educators Individualized- plan specifically developed for a child’s special needs Modified usually each term based on the ongoing needs of a student It can cover one or more areas- academic, social, and independence needs. What is a 504 Plan? Under the provisions of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 â€Å"The right to full participation and access to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to all children regardless or the nature of the disability†; Provides a â€Å"Level the playing field† for students†(collaborative modelsieps 504s, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study for Adhd Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have listed the following steps to a 504 (collaborative modelsieps 504s, 2010): 1. ) Student is referred by a teacher, support staff, parent, physician, or therapist. 2. ) 504 plan meeting is held Plan for student is developed Review date is set 3. Accommodations- A diabetic student may be allowed to eat in the classroom or student may be permitted to go to the office to receive medication 4. ) Assignments or testing conditions may be adjusted ( more time, less or modified test questions) Having a student such as Fred in class can be very frustrating, but we as teachers can do things to make both of your lives a little easier(Hogan, Dawn, 1997): * Consult the experts: parents, previous teachers, specialists, guidance counselors, and psychologist. * Have a sense of humor! Promote high self-esteem: be friendly, respect opinions, provide immediate feedback, and give reinforcement for any improvement. * Establish control: be consistent, follow definite rules, discipline offenses imme diately, offer explanations for what rule was violated and be willing to listen to their side of the story. * Maximize academic improvement: allow for flexibility in amount of time needed to complete a project, offer alternatives to writing (ex. typing), establish small tasks leading up to the completed project, and break it down. Schedule activities to accommodate students fluctuating energy levels: intermix high and low energy activities throughout the day, send student on errands if he or she has energy to burn, encourage active ways of answering questions during discussions. * Provide organizational tools: create checklists in order of priority, develop routine, and label anything that is to go home. * Open up communication lines with parents: engage in frequent correspondence, encourage parental monitoring of homework, provide parents with a schedule of student assignments. Reward success: use stickers, post points on a chart, shake hands, smile, and use verbal praise. * Utiliz e group work: encourage problem solving, teamwork, and cooperation. * Grab the students attention: eye contact, give short, easy-to-understand instructions, insist that students repeat back information, use non-verbal cues to quite the students such as raising a hand or blinking the lights, give private cues that student is off-task such as a hand on their shoulder. * In general: provide variety with learning centers and group projects, test material learned and not attention span, respect students input. Hogan, Dawn. ADHD: A Travel Guide to Success. Childhood Education, Spring 1997, Vol. 73, No. 3. â€Å"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood and as Smith states, is a condition of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention (Smith ; Tyler, 2010, p. 196). The psychological effects associated with ADHD may last into adulthood. The main recognized psychological characteristics as recognized by educational medical professionals are (What Are the Psychological Effects Associated With ADHD? : * Low Self-Esteem-Many patients with ADHD may suffer from low self-esteem as a result of the disorders symptoms. Nicole Crawford, author of the article ADHD: A Womens Issue, points out that when women do not get their ADHD treated, they suffer from chronic low self-esteem. The low self-esteem can stem from problems in school, which can occur with all of the symptoms of ADHD. For example, with the ina ttention symptoms, the MayoClinic. com notes that patients have problems finishing work, make careless mistakes and are easily distracted. They may also have organizational problems and dislike schoolwork. With the impulsive and hyperactive symptoms, patients have problems staying still during class and may interrupt others. The problems in school can lead to failure in school, which may cause underachievement in patients. The underachievement can add to patients low self-esteem. * Depression-Some ADHD patients may develop depression, which MedlinePlus notes that parents should alert the childs doctor if they see signs. With depression, patients have a noticeable change in mood, such as persistent sadness and feeling helpless. Patients may have unusual guilt, which can make patients feel worse. Depression can also affect a patients behavior, which includes sleeping problems. Some of the symptoms of depression can worsen ADHD symptoms, such as problems concentrating. * Anxiety-The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign explains that some ADHD patients may develop anxiety secondary to the disorder. For example, patients can worry about specific ADHD symptoms, such as organizational problems. Performance in school may trigger anxiety in some patients. With the anxiety, patients have uncontrolled worry, which can affect their ability to think clearly. Patients may have physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing heart, sweating and tremors. * Substance Abuse-MedlinePlus points out that if the ADHD does not get treated, patients may develop a substance abuse problem. With substance abuse, patients turn to alcohol or drugs for either a euphoric feeling or to cover up other issues, such as depression, anxiety or low self-esteem. ADHD patients who have impulsive symptoms may use substances more, because they cannot control their behaviors. Crawford adds that in women with ADHD, they may start smoking during middle school or high school. Using drugs or alcohol can also worsen ADHD symptoms like inattention. To be diagnosed as having ADHD a student must display, for six months or more, at least eight of the following characteristics prior to the age of seven(STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER (AD/HD): 1. Fidgets, squirm, or are restless 2. Has difficulty remaining seated 3. Easily distracted 4. Has difficulty waiting for his/her turn 5. Blurts out answers 6. Has difficulty following instructions 7. Has difficulty sustaining attention 8. Shifts from one uncompleted task to another 9. Has difficulty playing quietly 10. Talks excessively 11. Interrupts or is rude to others 12. Does not appear to listen 13. Often loses things necessary for tasks 14. Frequently engages in dangerous actions Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over-activity). ADHD has three subtypes: †¢ Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive †¢ Predominantly inattentive †¢ Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive Children who have symptoms of inattention may: †¢ Be easily distracted, miss details, forget things, and frequently switch from one activity to another †¢ Have difficulty focusing on one thing †¢ Become bored with a task after only a few minutes, unless they are doing something enjoyable †¢ Have difficulty focusing attention on organizing and completing a task or learning something new †¢ Have trouble completing or turning in homework assignments, often losing things (e. g. pencils, toys, assignments) needed to complete tasks or activities †¢ Not seem to listen when spoken to †¢ Daydream, become easily confused, and move slowly †¢ Have difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as others †¢ Struggle to follow instructions. Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may: †¢ Fidget and squirm in their seats †¢ Talk nonstop †¢ Dash around, touching or playing with anything and everything in sight †¢ Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school, and story time †¢ Be constantly in motion Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities. Children who have symptoms of impulsivity may: †¢ Be very impatient †¢ Blurt out inappropriate comments, show their emotions without restraint, and act without regard for consequences (somewhat similar behavior) †¢ Have difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in games †¢ Often interrupt conversations or others activities† (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 2008). In terms of Ken, behavioral and environment triggers apply we as teachers would have to incorporate a plan based on the IEP recommendations, and be aware of all the triggers below for ADHD and also the Asthma. In terms of the, ADHD, behavior management techniques  must often be used in the learning environment. By examining a students specific problem behavior, understanding its antecedents and consequences, teachers can help students with AD/HD to develop behaviors that lead to academic and social successes. ADHD will not occur unless the antecedents meet a second factor the triggers. Triggers are certain environmental factors that cause symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity to emerge in an individual predisposed to the disorder. These triggers include poor nutrition, food allergies, physical inactivity, and imbalances in the immune system, inadequate rest, and lack of exposure to fresh air, sunlight, and water. More often than not, it is poor nutrition and the wrong foods which trigger ADHD in young children. In fact, renowned pediatric allergologist Dr. Feingold pointed out that ADHD only emerged when certain foods with additives and preservatives became popular among children. In terms of the Asthma triggers, we need to be aware that Asthma cant be cured, but it can be managed. â€Å"The goal of asthma management is to reduce symptoms on a day-to-day basis and to maintain normal activity levels, including the ability to exercise and participate in sports. One way to do this is by minimizing exposure to triggers. If exposure isnt controlled, triggers can cause severe flare-ups, chronic symptoms between flare-ups, and even reduced lung function. Because triggers are different for each person, youll need to work with your (school medical staff) doctor to determine your childs specific triggers. The doctor may suggest that you keep an asthma symptoms/trigger diary, using symptoms,  peak flow meter  readings, and a record of circumstances during which symptoms occurred to help you identify possible triggers. Once triggers are identified, they can be included in the overall  asthma action plan  you develop with the doctor. Your child may also need allergy skin testing if the doctor suspects that allergens are triggers. Some kids may need to take allergy medication or have allergy shots. Your doctor will determine if this is necessary. Common Triggers are allergens, include: * Mold * dust mites * cockroaches * pollen * animal dander (tiny flakes of dead skin), saliva, or urine Keep these areas as clean and dust free as possible. This means vacuuming and dusting weekly, eliminating clutter. Irritants are different from allergens — they can also affect people who dont have allergies or asthma. For most people, irritants dont create a serious problem, but for kids with asthma, they can lead to airway inflammation and flare-ups. Common irritants include: * perfumes * aerosol sprays * cleaning products wood and tobacco smoke * paint or gas fumes * air pollution Whichever of the above listed items or triggers could be avoided on the teachers part, again we as teachers need to stay in compliance with IEP and coordinate with everyone concerned. Also, we as teachers should incorporate and provide this information to the parents. In terms of what interventions, accommodations to help Fred become successful, help Fred organize his time to maximize learning, and classroom management techniques to help him perform better; I have compiled a list that I would refer to below. General Strategies (Behavior Disorders)† (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 2008): * Bring to the students attention science role models with disabilities with a similar disability to that of the student. Point out that this individual got ahead by a combination of effort and by asking for help when needed. * Ask previous teachers about interactive techniques that have previously been effective with the student in the past. * Expose students with behavioral disorders to other students who demonstrate the appropriate behaviors. Direct instruction or target behaviors are often required to help students master them. * Have pre-established consequences for misbehavior. * Administer consequences immediately, and then monitor proper behavior frequently. * Determine whether the student is on medication, what the schedule is, and what the medication effects may be on his or her in class demeanor with and without medication. Then adjust teaching strategies accordingly. * Use time-out sessions to cool off disruptive behavior and as a break if the student needs one for a disability-related reason. In group activities, acknowledge the contributions of the student with a behavioral disorder. * Devise a contingency plan with the student in which inappropriate forms of response are replaced by appropriate ones. * Treat the student with the behavioral disorder as an individual who is deserving of respect and consideration. * When appropriate, seek input from the student about their strengths, weaknesses and goals. * Enforce classroom rules consistently. * Make sure the discipline fits the crime, without harshness. * Provide encouragement. * Reward more than you punish, in order to build self-esteem. Praise immediately at all good behavior and performance. * Change rewards if they are not effective for motivating behavioral change. * Develop a schedule for applying positive reinforcement in all educational environments. * Encourage others to be friendly wit h students who have emotional disorders. * Monitor the students self-esteem. Assist in modification, as needed. * Self-esteem and interpersonal skills are especially essential for all students with emotional disorders. * Do not expect students with behavioral disorders to have immediate success; work for improvement on an overall basis. As a teacher, you should be patient, sensitive, a good listener, fair and consistent in our treatment of students with behavioral disorders. * Present a sense of high degree of possessiveness in the classroom environment. Teacher Presentation for Behavior Disorders (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 2008): * After a week, or so, of observation, try to anticipate classroom situations where the students emotional state will be vulnerable and be prepared to apply the appropriate mitigative strategies. By using examples, encourage students to learn science so they can emulate adult behaviors. * Check on the students basic capacity to commu nicate and adjust your communications efforts accordingly. * Use a wide variety of instructional equipment which can be displayed for the students to look at and handle. * When an interest in a particular piece has been kindled, the instructor can talk to the student about it and show him or her how to use it. * Instructions should be simple and very structured. * Group participation in activities is highly desirable because it makes social contacts possible. Monitor the student carefully to ensure that students without disabilities do not dominate the activity or detract in any way from the successful performance of the student with the behavioral disorder. * Teachers should reward students for good behavior and withhold reinforcement for inappropriate behavior. * Some aggressive students act as they do because of a subconscious desire for attention, and it is possible to modify their behavior by giving them recognition. * Have the individual with the behavioral disorder be in char ge of an activity which can often reduce the aggressiveness. Special efforts should be made to encourage and easily facilitate students with behavioral disorders to interact. * Show confidence in the students’ ability and set goals that realistically can be achieved. * Plan for successful participation in the activities by the students. Success is extremely important to them. * The environment must be structured but sensitive to the needs of these youth with behavioral disorders. * Expose students with behavioral disorders to other students who demonstrate the appropriate behaviors. Direct instruction or target behaviors are often required to help students master them. * Consultation with other specialists, including the special education teacher, school psychologist, and others may prove helpful in devising effective strategies. * Keep an organized classroom learning environment. * Devise a structured behavioral management program. * As an educator you serve a model for the students who are behaviorally disturbed. Your actions therefore, must be consistent, mature, and controlled. Behavioral outbursts and/or angry shouting at students inhibit rather than enhance a classroom. Provide a carefully structured learning environment with regard to physical features of the room, scheduling, routines, and rules of conduct. * If unstructured activities must occur, you must clearly distinguish them from structured activities in terms of time, place, and expectations. * Let your students know the expectations you have, the objectives that have been established for the activity, and the help you will give them in achieving objectives. * When appropriate, seek input from the students about their strengths, weaknesses and goals. Do not expect students with behavioral disorders to have immediate success; work for improvement on an overall basis. * Be fair and consistent, but temper your consistency with flexibility. * You should refer the students to visual aids and r eading materials that may be used to learn more about the techniques of skill performance. * Present a sense of costiveness in the learning environment. * Remain calm, state the infraction of the rule, and avoid debating or arguing with the student with a behavioral disorder. * Have pre-established consequences for misbehavior. Administer consequences immediately, and then monitor proper behavior frequently. * Enforce classroom rules consistently. * Make sure the discipline fits the crime, without harshness. * Provide encouragement. * Reward more than you punish, in order to build self-esteem. * Praise immediately and all good behavior and performance. * Change rewards if they are not effective for motivating behavioral change. * Find ways to encourage the student. * Be positive and supportive. * Develop a schedule for applying positive reinforcement in all educational environments. Encourage others to be friendly with students who have emotional disorders. * Monitor the students se lf-esteem. Assist in modification, as needed. * Self-esteem and interpersonal skills are especially essential for all students with emotional disorders. What physical changes can the student make at home to improve the learning environment? In terms of home life where we as teachers do not have much control, but we can influence and educate the parents I would take an approach of education the parents on how to communicate with Fred, and other children in similar situations. I would supply a number of websites and invite the parent to review these sites and for the parent to also do research on the subject and share that research with me. The parents and teachers have to be on the same page. I would provide this site initially to the parents, and print the article out for the parents to read. In dealing with Fred in school and in any environment, we need to pay close attention to triggers as mentioned above. Here is the first website that I would recommend, http://www. education. om/reference/article/quick-guidelines-parenting-teaching-kids/, and here are the recommendations for parents with children with ADHD: â€Å"When there is a child with an attention deficit disorder, reducing stress within the home is a primary concern. Whatever the school can do to assist in this matter will be beneficial, not only to the child, but to the teaching staff as well. Parents need to be taught effective strategies for managing their child. Since all children with   ADHD  are different, the management strategies for each will also be different. A child with ADD/ADHD literally sees the world differently than other kids. Though each child is unique, special  parenting  methods should be used to bring out these kids strengths in intellect and creativity and to compensate for problems with short term memory, oppositional behavior, and obsessive compulsive tendencies†( Quick Guidelines for Parenting (or Teaching) Kids with Attention Deficit Disorders, 2011). Here are the following recommendations listed in the article (Quick Guidelines for Parenting (or Teaching) Kids with Attention Deficit Disorders, 2011): * Create positive alternative choices based on your childs purposes and  encourage him/her to make a choice. Rather than you statements, use I statements that move him toward positive  outcomes. * Keep your cool. * Make consequences specific to the problem  and dole them out in small  increments. * Dont get hooked into oppositional arguments. Keep rewards visible and immediate to desired action. * Reward for work completed. Do not punish for incomplete work. * Remember, the best mo tivators are rewards  that help him achieve his purposes. * Dont push them past what they are capable of doing. * Assist with sequencing and transitions and train him to do it himself. * Get on problems early. Encourage pretend play, read to them, and make up stories. The full article gives examples on how each of the above bullet points can be incorporated into everyday life. As I stated I would print this article, run it past the administration for legal considerations and proceed to provide a copy and the source website. I would incorporate this into my classroom management and parental plans also, and any handbooks or literature provided to the parents. In terms of what study skills would we as teachers recommend to Fred, I listed following (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011): * Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM). The objective of CBM is to teach students problem-solving strategies and self-control techniques. Students are instructed in a step-by-step procedure to monit or and direct their behavior. For example, students are taught to deal with conflict by (1) calming down before reacting impulsively; (2) identifying feelings and expressing feelings in an appropriate manner; (3) setting positive goals for themselves; (4) thinking of alternative solutions to problems; (5) trying a plan and evaluating results (Greenberg, 1998). The overall goal is for students to spontaneously think through situations in which they feel the impulse to act quickly† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). * Social Skills Training-  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Students with ADHD develop impulsive habits that interfere with their ability to manage interactions with peers and adults. The purpose of social skills training is to rectify social skills deficits through direct and indirect instruction. This proactive approach seeks to change students disruptive behavior by focusing on teaching new skills rather than the reactive approach of trying to eliminate bothersome behaviors. For example, a student who acts out impulsively might benefit from learning to verbalize his or her feelings (i. e. , proactive), rather than being sent to timeout each time the offending behavior occurs (i. e. , reactive). Social skills curriculums employ a variety of instructional techniques including modeling, step-by-step scripts, classroom meetings, reinforcement, and emphasizing social skills embedded in the regular curriculum; for example, using science to teach how to anticipate consequences or using children’s  to teach conflict resolution† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). Contingency Management-  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Based on principles of behaviorism, students are rewarded when they demonstrate socially appropriate behavior. Contingencies also can include negative consequences for inappropriate behavior. Positive consequences can include praise or tangible rewards. Reprimands or ignoring the behavior are examples of frequently used negative consequences. Teacher s must be vigilant to ensure that negative consequences are logical and match the inappropriate behavior. For example, a logical consequence for throwing food in the cafeteria is eating lunch alone in the classroom for 3 days rather than doing additional homework. Other applications of behavior theory to  ADHD  include token economy, response cost, and contingency contracting† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). * Structured Activity and Movement-  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Planned classroom activities that allow students to move about, converse with others, and interact with concrete materials help students with ADHD sustain attention and reduces the stress of trying to constantly restrain motor activity. Some frequently used techniques are learning centers, planned student interactions, art, music, kinesthetic activity,  games, and authentic learning experiences such as teaching ratios by making orange juice from concentrate (Reif, 1998)† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). * Self-Management Strategies-  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Students with ADHD lack organizational skills for sustaining attention and completing projects. Direct instruction in time management helps students learn to divide a task into subunits. By monitoring due dates incrementally, teacher’s help students set realistic time lines and avoid procrastination. Helping students learn how to organize materials is another key self-management strategy. Filing papers, scheduling, keeping notes in binders and periodical inventory of materials are frequent self-management organizational objectives. Teaching study skills such as active  reading  (i. e. , writing down questions and comments rather than simply highlighting), webbing of chapters, reviewing key topics and subtopics, and developing test taking skills are helpful strategies† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). Classroom Accommodations- â€Å"The physical layout of a classroom is the single most important element in focusing attention. Textbooks with shiny paper particularly are problematic under fluorescent lights. Also, the hum and the flickering of fluorescent lights is a distraction and they should be replaced with incandescent lights. Soft, classical  music  in the background can be soothing. Natural sound recordings can have a similar effect. Student seating sho uld be adjusted to cut down distractions from high-traffic areas. Sitting at tables may present a problem for some students. Canels with side panels help eliminate visual distractions. Some teachers report that overhead projectors help cut down on visual distractions by reducing the clutter that sometimes fills up chalkboards (Flick, 1998). Directions should be given slowly with frequent requests for the student to provide restatements. When worksheets are used, students benefit from fewer problems to complete, lined paper helps with handwriting, and computer software offers myriad possibilities from  word processing  to games that reinforce academic skills† (Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011). In terms of the 504 sample provided for Fred I felt this was best addressed in my conclusion. All the factors, triggers, strategies, legal considerations, all parties involved, and effort to educate Fred have to coordinate to put a plan together that is within IDEA guidelines and incorporated into the IEP. My responsibilities as a teacher first and foremost is the safety of all the children, and then to educate them. Because of Fred’s combination of ADHD and Asthma, which have common triggers, and can trigger each other, I have to consider that ADHD can trigger an Asthma attack or vice versa. I would have to be work closely with the medical personnel at the school, and pay close attention to the family doctors recommendations. Knowing what I know about each condition and also what I have learned through my journey in this course, I feel confident that all considerations would be met, and that Fred would be given the best environment to prosper health wise and also as a student. References: collaborative modelsieps 504s, 2010, Retrieved January 17, 2011, http://www. authorstream. om/Presentation/naija14-573965-collaborative-models-ieps-504-s/ STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER (AD/HD), http://www. as. wvu. edu/~scidis/add. html What Are the Psychological Effects Associated With ADHD? , Retrieved January 15th, 2011, http://www. livestrong. com/article/155678-what-are-the-psychological-effects-associated-with-adhd/#ixzz1B4MEchLD Quick Guidelines for Parenting (or Teaching) Kids with Attention Deficit Disorders, 2011, Retrieved January 15, 2011, http://www. education. om/reference/article/quick-guidelines-parenting-teaching-kids/ M. Henley|R. S. Ramsey|R. F. Algozzine, Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall, Educational Approaches for ADHD, 2011, Retrieved January 15th, 2011, http://www. education. com/reference/article/educational-approaches-ADHD-disorders/ Smith, D. D. Tyler, N. C. (2010). Introduction to special education: making a difference. New Jersey: Merrill. Teaching Tips for Those Working with ADHD Kids, 2010, Retrieved, December, 10th, 2010, http://user. cybrzn. com/kenyonck/add/teaching_tips. html

Energy Essays

Energy Essays Energy Essay Energy Essay Energy is the ability to do work. It can be exerted on a system to produce a variety of results, as well as stored within a system through chemical bonds. Energy can be used or stored but never created or destroyed. Though energy cant be created or destroyed, it can be interchanged from one form to another as well as dissipate into to the atmosphere as heat (thermal energy). Energy comes in variety of forms such as electromagnetic, potential, thermal, kinetic, and can be used and converted from one for to another to produce a desired effect. Stored energy can be released through chemical reactions such as combustion. Combustion is an exothermic (releases heat or thermal energy as a result of a reaction) reaction that by nature release heat or thermal energy. The fuel reacts with oxygen to produce a new element and release the chemical energy stored in the fuel. The energy released can be harnessed and used to power machines and other commercial purposes. The thermal energy released by combustion behaves according to the four laws of thermodynamics. The laws of thermodynamics restate the law of conservation of energy (energy can neither be created or destroyed just chained from on form to another) as well as define the boundaries of nature, describing that perpetual motion and absolute zero kelvin cannot be reached. The thermal energy also can be defined by the specific heat of the surroundings. The specific heat of a substance is its amount of energy that 1gram of a substance needs to be raised by 1 degree Celsius. This could be used to measure the energy output of a substance undergoing combustion as well as the original amount of energy stored within the system. In our experiment we used a rudimentary calorimeter system to measure the amount of Joules and Calories stored within a single Pringle. Materials and Methods Materials: Pringle chips, water, heat souse Methods: The Pringle chip was placed in a crucible to be prepared for combustion. 25 grams of water was placed above the crucible with the temperature marked off. The chip was set on fire and was allowed to heat the water. The end temperature was measured and the amount of energy was calculated. The test was repeated three times and the different values were recorded. Results Formula q = C x mass of H2O x ?T where q is a value in joules or calories (units of energy) and C is the heat capacity Test 1 25g H2O heated from the original temp. of 19.5? °C by the chip resulted in 35? °C 1 x 15.5 ?T x 25g = 387.5 calories 4.184 x 15.5 ?T x 25g = 1621.3 J Test 2 25g H2O heated from the original temp. of 23? °C by the chip resulted in 39? °C 1 x 16 ?T x 25g = 400 calories 4.184 x 16 ?T x 25g = 1673.3 J Test 2 25g H2O heated from the original temp. of 22? °C by the chip resulted in 37? °C 1 x 15?T x 25g = 375 calories 4.184 x 15?T x 25g = 1569 J Test average 387.5 calories 1621.2 J The results showed that on average there are about 387.5 calories per chip (not to be confused with Kilo Calories which are used in commercial production) that were able to be absorbed by the rudimentary calorimeter. Discussion By the nature of the experimental design the results only provided a rudimentary demonstration of energy release through combustion and not an accurate measure of the calories nor the joules within each chip. Through the energy was absorbed by the water the mass of the energy is lost to the atmosphere. The huge losses in energy are explainable by the lack of insulation around the burning chip and the fact that most of the energy just went around the container of the water without transferring any to the water. A more accurate measurement would have been achieved if a bomb calorimeter was used. (figure to the right) The bomb calorimeter would have incinerated the chip and accurately display the amount of calories contained within the chip. The insulation provided by the calorimeter would have been sufficient to capture all of the energy released by combustion. The results show that per every chip there was roughly a 387.5 calorie count. This means that per every chip burned the amount of energy released heated up 25 grams of water by roughly 15.3? °C. This compared to the information on the box the 7500 calories actual which resulted in a pitiful percent error. 94.8% of the energy that the chip was supposed to give off was lost to the atmosphere, proving the inefficiently of the rudimentary experimental design. Overall the experiment provided a theoretical visual of the energy flow between substances and a way to measure the amount of energy contained within a system. This proses is applied to food production to give the consumer accurate information about the food digested. The human stomach however is much more efficient then a bomb calorimeter and uses/stores 100% of the energy consumed. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS. Estrella Mountain Commuity College. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. . Specific Heat. Test Page for Apache Installation. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. . What Is Energy Massachusetts Technology Collaborative. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. . What Is Potential Energy. TJHSST Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology. Web. 16 Mar. 2010.

Drilling oil in the usa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Drilling oil in the usa - Essay Example According to the plan, oil will be drilled in the Atlantic coast, Alaska’s northern coast and Mexico’s eastern Gulf. This can only be achieved as long as the coastlines remain protected. Initially, oil drilling had been banned because of the environmental concerns. Oil spills imposed severe threats to the health and safety of the natural environment. Oil drilling in Pacific Coast, New Jersey northward and Bristol Bay of Alaska is still prohibited (Shannon). Through this plan, President Barack Obama intends to make US self sufficient for fulfilling its energy needs. However, there is dire need to formulate and implement energy policies that would ensure environmental protection and safety. Although the plans of President Obama aim at strengthening the economy of US in the long run, yet they are a big source of threat to the ever worsening environmental conditions. Until 1970, US had been producing enough oil to suffice its own needs. However, ever since 1970, US’s oil needs grew manifolds, and hence, the oil had to be imported. Oil production in US faced a sharp downfall after the collapse of oil prices in 1986. In 2000, the production of oil declined by 24 per cent as compared to its production rate in 1985 (Churchill). In 2000, the proportion of oil produced in US out of the total world’s production was no more than 12 per cent. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) had recorded that till 1 January 2000, the number of oil reserves in US were 21 billion barrels (Churchill). Oil reserves have been decreasing in number in US ever since, and the current plan is likely to cause more harm to the environment than good to the society because the oil reserves will soon vanish any way, but the harms caused to the environment in the course of their exploration would sustain for a long period of time, perhaps till the end of the world. There has been considerable protest against this policy. President Barack Obama had been watchful of the possible emergence of protests against the plan by the environmental agencies. He said these words in a speech explaining his consent on the security of energy, But the bottom line is this: given our energy needs, in order to sustain economic growth, produce jobs, and keep our businesses competitive, we're going to need to harness traditional sources of fuel even as we ramp up production of new sources of renewable, homegrown energy. (Obama cited in Shannon). This plan made by Presient Barack Obama has conventionally received a lot of criticism. There is no doubt in the fact that upon its implementation, the plan would impose serious environmental threats in US. In his speech, President Barack Obama does approve of the idea of looking for new and renewable sources of energy, but intends to change the oil attainment strategy meanwhile. Considering the extensively damaged environment, there is dire need to immediately discover and implement alternative sources of energy. As research is being done to find new ways, US should abstain from drilling oil and continue importing oil because the ultimate solution lies not in the use of oil, but in the use of alternative sources of energy. â€Å"The only real way to quit relying on foreign oil is to wean ourselves from oil" altogether† (David cited in The Week). Global warming is already a leading issue of the contemporary age. We can not afford to